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Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Appropriations Act, FY1999
— P.L. 105-277 (October 21, 1998), among its numerous provisions that include
the regular annual appropriations for most USDA
programs, provided $5.9 billion in emergency spending for USDA programs to shore
up farm income and to compensate farmers for natural disasters. More than
one-half of this amount ($3.1 billion) was in the form of direct "market loss"
payments to grain, cotton, and dairy farmers for income assistance. Most of the
$2.4 billion balance was in the form of disaster payments made to farmers who
experienced large crop losses in either 1998 or in 3 of the 5 years between 1994
through 1998.
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