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- an artifact's context usually consists of its immediate matrix (the material surrounding it e.g. gravel, clay, or sand), its provenience (horizontal and vertical position within the matrix), and its association with other artifacts (occurrence together with other archaeological remains, usually in the same matrix). "Primary context" refers to materials found in their original position; "secondary context" refers to materials which have been displaced and redeposited by disturbance factors; "geological context" is the relationship of the archaeological finds to geological strata.
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The relation of an artifact or cultural remains to the surrounding artifacts or remains and to the soil level in which they were found. The surrounding conditions of an archaeological find.
- the relationship of artifacts and other cultural remains to each other and the situation in which they are found.
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