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Political Science - I |
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impact: The consequences of a policy, both in its immediate policy area and in other areas. impeachment: Under the Constitution, the formal proceedings against the President or other federal officials, who may be removed from office if convicted of “Treason, Bribery or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.” implementation: The action, or actions, taken by government to carry out a policy. implied powers: Powers of the national government that flow from its enumerated powers and the “elastic clause” of the Constitution. impoundment: The practice, curtailed in 1974, whereby a President refused to spend funds appropriated by Congress. independent executive agencies: Agencies that report to the President in the same manner as departments, even though they are not part of any cabinet department. independent expenditures: The spending of money on behalf of candidates but without their cooperation. independent expenditures: The spending of money on behalf of candidates without their cooperation. independent regulatory commissions: See regulatory agencies. Indiana ballot: Also known as the party-column ballot. Used in a majority of states, it lists the candidates of each party in a row or column, beside or under the party emblem. Allows for and encourages straight-ticket voting. indictment: A finding by a grand jury that there is enough evidence against an individual to warrant a criminal trial. inherent powers: Powers of government that the national government may exercise simply because it exists as a government, such as the right to conduct foreign relations. initiative: A method of amending state constitutions, used in seventeen states, under which proposed constitutional amendments can be placed on the ballot if enough signatures are obtained on a petition. injunction: An order from a court to require or prevent an action. instructed delegate: A legislator who automatically mirrors the will of the majority of his constituents. interest groups: Private groups that attempt to influence the government to respond to the shared attitudes of their members. interstate compacts: Agreements between or among states made with the approval of Congress. interventionism: A strand of American foreign policy that was visible by the end of the nineteenth century; it included “gunboat diplomacy” and other forms of military involvement in various parts of the world. isolationism: A policy of avoiding foreign entanglements. item veto: The power of most governors to disapprove particular parts of appropriations bills. |
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