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The chromosome involved in Down syndrome (21 trisomy), which is most
frequently due to nondisjunction of chromosome 21, resulting in 3, rather than 2
chromosomes (and making the total 47 chromosomes, rather than the normal total
of 46). In 1987 it was reported that the genetic defect in familial Alzheimer’s
disease is located on chromosome 21, the same chromosome of which there is an
extra copy in Down syndrome. This supports the idea that at least one form of
Alzheimer’s is inherited and that a similar genetic defect may occur on both
Down and familial Alzheimer’s disorders.
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